Background: water constraints restricted canal transits and altered global procurement economics. Signals Almanac would have used: rainfall models, reservoir levels, vessel queues, freight rates and policy statements. Decision alternatives: book earlier slots, reroute, adjust procurement windows or increase inventories.

Potential impact: earlier interventions reduce demurrage, missed delivery risk and inventory shocks.

References: Panama Canal Authority · IMF · Reuters coverage · World Bank climate reports · academic hydrology papers.